Paris Peace Conference Essay -- World War II WWII WW2

It has been almost a century since the first Paris Peace Conference was hold, but even until now, it is a popular yet also controversial event in the history of the world. The Paris Peace Conference took place in 1919 involving more than 1,000 representatives from over 30 nations. The results of the Conference are five treaties regarding terms that, according to the Conference, shall prevent any upcoming conflicts among nations. Although World War II started only after 15 years, nonetheless, the treaties did function as a buffer between countries. Although many resolutions were discussed, the negotiation of the Conference revolves around four main topics, reparation from the previous war losses or limitations on the main Central Power, Germany, self-recognition, President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the annexation of land. The war reparation resolution was proposed by both Australia and the United Kingdom, and eventually became Article 231 of Treaty of Versailles. The article assigned complete blame for the war to Germany, required Germany to accept full responsibilities for causing the war, and must pay a set of reparation appointed by the Great Powers. The reparation impositions were considered to be retaliation to the reparation forced upon France by Germany in the Treaty of Frankfurt after the Franco-Prussian War. The recompense form of the war varies among different forms, from coal, steel, and gold, to intellectual property. According to the treaty, Germany will finish paying off the reparation in year 2020. The reparation, no doubt, is only another indirect way of limiting Germany's growth in any field possible and has added another pair of shackle on the already weakened Germany economy, some historians beli... ...ris Peace Conference, the nations which proposed an annexation of land as a resolution even reached the number of six, causing strong power struggles and tensions among nations, which defeats the original purpose of the Paris Peace Conference. The problem of Asia has also aroused in the Paris Peace Conference, whether or not China should be returned its sovereign authority from Japan. Chinese outrage this problem through a cultural movement, the May Fourth Movement that influenced China not to sign the treaty. The Paris Peace Conference ended at January 16th, 1919 with five treaties signed and eight new independent nations born. Although the Paris Peace Conference has ended more than 80 years ago, no one can deny its impact on the world after decades. The human history would've definitely be changed forever if any of the results in the Conference is different.

Globalization in retailing

In the past ten years, the world's economy has experienced accelerated levels. Saturation and restrictive planning let the developed markets have prompted operators to look abroad for growth opportunities. In order to gain the maximum profit form foreign markets, it is essential for global retailers to understand their consumer behaviour as well as the economic and political environments in their regional markets. 4.1 Global consuming At the end of 2001, global retailers were grappling with significant changes in consumer fundamentals. In today's global consumer markets, there are varies elements of commonalities and differences exist. On the global scale, trends influencing the consumption behaviour can be cited as follow: increase in GNP in capita per capita; steady rises in life expectancy; rapid increase of literacy and education levels; growth in industrialization and urbanization among developing countries; increase in share of manufactured exports by newly industrialized countries; advances in transportation and expansion in world travel. Leading global retailing companies such as Carrefour, Ahold, Auchan, Wal-Mart have to identify and meet the needs of the global segmented consumer market. By the increase of purchasing power all over the world, and the establish of the EU, both traditional supermarkets and department stores were not able to meet the consumer's requirements, a more convenient way for shopping, a ‘one-stop' shopping and shopping as leisure. Consequently, huge mass retailers emerged by providing customers with high buying quantity at low cost, the hypermarket format. Today, most leading international retailers consider hypermarket as it key strategic format for their worldwide expansion. In the past five years, the total number of food related stores developed by international operators has increased by 23%. Since 1997, the number of hypermarkets / warehouse club has increased almost double, form 2788 to 4190 worldwide. (see Appendix?) What are the secrets to success, there is no single formula. Use time as a critical strategic component and the flexibility of their strategy during implementation. When Carrefour entered the US, they did not achieve their high expectation. One of the reason is the biggest competitor Wal-Mart, another reason is that they did not understand the consuming format in US, they did not localize their strategy. Americans were used not only to a wide merchandise, and low prices, but also the convenience of shopping without having to drive distances for making their purchases. Whereas, in Asia, Carrefour achieved big success, they adopt the localization strategy. In China, firstly they localized their name from ‘Carrefour' to ‘'. Similar pronunciation, it means, a happy lucky family, which has a huge impact on consumers. They segmented the Chinese market geographically. They understood the local consumers price sensitivity, they lowered their price in order to achieve much more quantity of purchasing. In Indonesia, Carrefour has put it as a key management positions and give them intensive training, and localize their stores display, knowing that local consumer like eating fresh seafood instead of the frozenness. As for Wal-Mart, they expand their market in Mexico, which is a market with huge potential, they build large parking space only to realise that many consumers do not drive cars. They normally travel by bus and had to walk across the large parking space with heavy packages, Wal-Mart responded by introducing bus shuttles for customers. Localization is the key factor for acceptance and success of an international company/brand. It is important to speak to the customers and clients in their own language and culture. The particular concept has developed by leading global brand: ‘Think Local, Act Local. Going Global, has to be going local'. 4.2 Regional Market (Europe, Asia) Asia The greatest opportunities for Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Ahold, Metro, Auchan and all the other global retailers come from Asia. Asia with 3 billion consumers and some of the most populous countries in the world, Asia remains an attractive region for 2003. China, with 1.25 billion people, GDP growth of 10% and nearly 13% per year increase in retail space, continues to attract global retailers. Particularly mainland China. As it is a emerging nation, with its unique features of its economics structure, more than 300 global retailers have invested in the market. In one of the major economic events in 2001, China was voted into the world Trade organization. This should eventually lead to strong increase in trade for world's economies, which benefit many global retailers. Carrefour is consolidating its positions by setting up purchasing centers in 11 Chinese cities. Ikea opened in Beijing May 2003, and Tesco is planning to expand in the market. However, there are certain issues that foreign investors are facing, is that state owned local players are gaining strength. The Shanhai local government pressured 3 shanghai based retailers: Yibai, Lianhua, and the Huanlian, into forming a joint holding company, the Bailing Group. The holding company's ambitious objectives include leading industry consolidation and enabling sustainable leadership of local state-owned retailers. Such move will raise entry barriers for private and foreign investors and create potential advantages for local state-owned retailers. South Korea has recovered economically for its 1998 crisis; GDP growth by 6% in 2002. Wal-Mat almost doubled its store count from 6 to 11 and plans to open even more stores in 2004. Japan, the world's second biggest market after the US tremendous oppourtunities of global companies to penetrate it . Although entering Japan is not easy, due to the restrictive plan which complicated supply chain structure and lack of Japanese 10 years recession is no doubt deterring a number of operators. Europe Eastern Europe, a fast growing region with regional output growth of more than 3%, and most countries are on track to join the Europe Union by 2010. The top ranked country, and the one commanding the highest score increase this year is Russia. With a inflation forcast at 16% for 2003, versus 84% in 1998. and GDP growth of 4 to 5% a year, Russia has become economically stronger. As a emerging market, the retail density is very low, only 6 international players have settled there. This region has a huge potential for global retailers. In Russia, there are 143 million population, according to official Russian statistics, Russians spend up to 80% of their income on consumer good. Auchan an Metro has already settled their expansion in Russia, Wal-Mart which sent a delegation to Russia in 2002 to check out the possibilities. However, foreign retailer still face many issues in Russia, Metro and Auchan have been accused of unfair competition by local retailers. Hungry is the most prosperous economy in the region after Poland and Czech Republic. The country will join the EU in 2004. which make the region more attractive to global retailers. As the merger of European Union, the biggest single market in the world. All the global retailers are try to gain maximum profit, In 1997, Wal-Mart completed of Wertkauf a 21-store German hypermarket chain. In 1999, Wal-Mart announce a $10.8 billion turnover in EU. Britain's third largest super market chain, Asda with 232 stores in England, Scotland and Wales. As Carrefour, it is already became the biggest grocery retailer in EU. Ahold recently has began their expansion in Spain. In Italy, with just seven top 30 retailers operating in its territory, all of which are constitutes the exception between the major countries of Europe, due to restricted government policy and onerous bureaucracy impeding store development.

Aneroxia Nervosa Essay - 783 Words

â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa is a mental illness in which a person has an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of their weight and body shape. People with this illness believe themselves to be fat even when their weight is so low that their health is in danger† (Encarta). Eating disorders, such as Anorexia, are a major issue in society today due to society’s stereotypical view of women and young teenage girls, in, but many cases men are affected too. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Anorexia Nervosa has been believed to be an illness that is primarily based in the mind, or an illness of psychological origin. â€Å"Young women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa literally waste away as they lament their bodies’ perceived fatness† (Bower 1).†¦show more content†¦Also, it is a disorder that crosses racial and economical lines, those who succumb to compulsive starving or binge eating are males. This shows that today’s society has also affected men’s stereotypical view of their appearance and weight. Thus, anorexia not only affects women; it also affects men, in which we are seeing more cases of every day. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Victims of eating disorders such as anorexia have warning signs that help people notice the illness. Usually the first sign that friends and family will notice about someone with anorexia is that their body weight seems to be frail and weak, almost looking like skin and bones. Many medial symptoms result from the semistarvation of this illness. The first medical symptom used to diagnose the illness is that the female will stop getting her menstrual cycle. â€Å"People with anorexia nervosa often suffer from fatigue and muscle weakness, have trouble staying warm, and have dry, yellowish skin, brittle hair, and sometimes hair loss. Many changes in the function of the heart can occur, such as slow heartbeat, low blood pressure, and heart palpitations† (Encarta). This reveals that the medical effects and consequences can be sever and life-threatening if the illness is not caught at an early stage. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Anorexia nervosa is a difficult illness to treat because the patient often refuses to believe and accept that they

What Do Monarch Butterflies Eat

Monarch butterflies eat nectar from flowers, just as other butterflies do. Butterfly mouthparts are made for drinking nectar. If you look at a monarch butterflys head, you will see its proboscis, a long straw, curled up below its mouth. When it lands on a flower, it can unfurl the proboscis, stick it down into the flower, and suck up the sweet fluid. Monarch Butterflies Drink Nectar from a Variety of Flowers If youre planting a garden for monarch butterflies, try to provide a variety of flowers that bloom throughout the months when monarchs visit your area. Fall flowers are particularly important, as migrating monarchs need plenty of energy to make the long journey south. Monarchs are large butterflies and prefer larger flowers with flat surfaces they can stand on while nectaring. Try planting some of their favorite perennials, and youre sure to see monarch all summer long. What Do Monarch Caterpillars Eat? Monarch caterpillars eat the leaves of milkweed plants, which belong to the family ​Asclepiadaceae. Monarchs are specialist feeders, meaning they will only eat a specific kind of plant (milkweeds), and cannot survive without it. Monarch butterflies gain an important defense against predators by feeding​ on milkweed as caterpillars. Milkweed plants contain toxic steroids, known as cardenolides, which are bitter-tasting. Through metamorphosis, the monarchs store the cardenolides and emerge as adults with the steroids still in their bodies. The caterpillars can tolerate the toxins, but their predators find the taste and effect more than unpleasant. Birds that attempt to eat monarchs will often regurgitate, and quickly learn that those orange and black butterflies dont make a good meal. Monarch Caterpillars Eat Two Types of Milkweed Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) often grows along roadsides and in fields, where mowing practices may cut down the milkweed just as the caterpillars are feeding. Butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa) is a showy, bright orange perennial that gardeners usually prefer for their flower beds. But dont limit yourself to these two common species; there are dozens of milkweed varieties to plant, and monarch caterpillars will munch them all. Monarch Watch has a nice ​guide to milkweeds for adventurous butterfly gardeners who want to try something different.

Abortion The Controversial Political Issue Essay

Opinion Paper: Abortion Abortion is one of the controversial political issues in United State of America today. It has generated much heat, thought, opinions and votes from different angles, school of thought, religions, economic status, and members of the government. So, what is abortion? Abortion is defined as the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Abortion can be in term of surgical or miscarriage. According to U.S National Library of Medicine, â€Å"a miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy.† A Miscarriage could be as a result of stress, genes, environmental toxins, alcohol or drug abuse, hormones problems, smoking, and diseases such as diabetes, reproductive organs’ weakness, and infections. Meanwhile, surgical abortion involves the removal of the fetus through a surgical procedure and it could be as a result of rape, inability to support the child, failure of birth control and baby or fetus with possibility of birth defect. While miscarr iage could be an act of nature or event that occur naturally, surgical abortion is a deliberate action. Despite there was no specific date or year recorded or documented as when the abortion started, it was noted that surgical abortion was in practice before 1880 in United State of America. During this period, anti- abortion legislation was in effect due to the fear that the children of new immigrant may or will outnumber the otherShow MoreRelatedGive Your Child a Chance at Life667 Words   |  3 Pages Abortion is one of the many topics that everyone has an opinion about. Whether you are for or against it everyone has an opinion about it. In our society it is a huge controversial issue that everyone is dealing with on a religious, personal or political aspect. Even though it was declared that abortion is a fundamental right in 1973 there is still debate about it on many different levels. 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How It Alters the Teen’s Future Free Essays

Teen pregnancy is a thing that ultimately alters a teens future forever with negative side effects, In the United States, 2. 800 teenagers become pregnant each day. When I graduated in 201 1; out of al the girls I graduated with 10 of those girls have had babies. We will write a custom essay sample on How It Alters the Teen’s Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now one of them Just had her second baby this year. think more needs to be done to make girls realize that it affects their future, their children’s, the baby’s tamer. and other tamily members. I couldn’t Imagine having a baby at this age. My cousin became a teen mom at the age of 19 with her long time boyfriend. But, I see the struggle they have to make money to pay the bills. He works two jobs to support her and their child because child care Is so expensive. They don’t regret having their son, but they regret dropping out of college. Teen pregnancy Is the leading reason teen girls drop out of school. More than half of teen mothers never graduate. of them earn a college degree by the time their 30. About d quarter of them have d second child within two years of their first. Teenage girls in relationships with older boys are more likely to become pregnant, han a teenage girl In a relationship with a boy her own age. Poverty Is associated with increased rates of teen pregnancy. 80 % of teen mothers have to go on welfare at some point due to less than one third of teen mothers receive no child support. Girls whose mother or older sister gave birth as d teen are more likely to get pregnant themselves. Teenage parents who can rely on family and community support, social services and child care are more likely to continue with their education and get a higher paying job as they progress with their education. In the united States alone 820. 00 teens become pregnant each year. Birth rate in the United States is the highest in the developed world and teen abortion rate Is also higi-n In 2006, the united States teen rate rose for the first time in fourteen years. Canada also trended towards a steady decline for both 15- 17 and older 18 – 19 teens in the period of 1992 – 2002. Majority of teenage mothers are not married to the tatner ot their children. Babies born to teenagers are at risk for neglect and abuse because their young mothers ere uncertain about their roles and may be frustrated by the constant emand of care taking. Children of teen mothers are more likely to be born prematurely with low birth weight. They’re at a higher risk tor intellectual, language, socio – emotional, development disabilities and behavioural issues are increased. Children of teen mothers have a 31 % incidence of depression and a 25% risk of parenthood as a teen. Mothers are less likely to stimulate their infant through affectionate behaviours such as touch, smile, smiling and verbal communication or to be sensltlve and accepting their needs. Teen parents don’t have the Intellectual or erformance in children of teenage mother also been noted with many of them being more likely to fail to graduate high school, be held back a grade level or score low on standardised test. As a son born, to a young woman in her teens is three times more likely to spend time in prison. Only 20% of teen fathers marry the mother of their child, many teen mothers continue to live at home with their parents. Teen fathers may continue a relationship with the babys mother but its common the relationship to end and when it does many fathers don’t have much interaction with their children. Teen dads are less likely to earn a high school diploma; the failure to graduate can be due to finical pressure resulting form having a baby to take care of. Despite the stereotype, there is increasing evidence that teen fathers want to be (and are) involved with their children, though this involvement may not always include financial support. Young fathers are more likely to have economic and employment challenges and are more often economically disadvantaged than adult fathers. A large percentage of fathers involved in teen pregnancies are 20 years or older. Teen pregnancy and motherhood can influence younger siblings. One study found that younger sisters of teen mothers were less likely to emphasise the importance of education and employment. Younger brothers too, were found to be more tolerant of non- martial and early births in addition to being more susceptible to high risk behaviours. Many programs available for teen moms are based on income. If the teen mom’s parents earn above the minimum income, the teen may be denied services which leaves the burden of the costs on the parents. Teen pregnancy has a negative affect on their children, the teen mothers, and teen fathers. More needs to be done to prevent teen pregnancy more education and guidance from parents. Also, more needs to be done to help teens who become pregnant and the teen fathers. I don’t think theirs enough done for teen dads. With more support groups, financial help, helping with them (teen moms and fathers) graduating and getting their diploma. They shouldn’t be shamed because they become pregnant at a young age, they should get the opportunity to graduate and have a better life for them and their child. How to cite How It Alters the Teen’s Future, Papers

Ambition Essay Example For Students

Ambition Essay That formidable force that makes one believe that one needs what one usually only desires; that mind-set that is really more of an entity that sits on ones shoulder, and relentlessly screams further, further; that asset that makes those who are not zealous, jealous That is ambition. Ambition has been the backbone of every army! Through those great ancient Egyptian wars, through Persia, through Hastings, through Waterloo, through the native American/greedy colonist battles, through the world-wars, through the Balkans, and through every other great conflict that has ever existed but that I am unable to cite, each party was blessed by pure and passionate ambition ambition to win at whatever cost necessary. Surely only the collective force of ambition found in a battle is liable to cause as much suffering and damage as has been caused by all battles that have ever been lost or won? Even the weakest, most injured warrior who persevered has been touched not by insanity, but by raw ambition, and even the most perturbed and exasperated warlord is supported not by his schemes, but by the ambition to realise them. Ambition is the ultimate wonder of the world! Ambition made all seven of them and more shouldnt it be regarded as their veritable no matter how intangible superior? From the conception to the design to the construction to the completion, ambition was the proverbial foreman, as once again we see that collective zeal create a phenomenon thus Ambition is the source of all that is good and all that is evil! It makes the wonders and it makes the wars. Ambition is the winner and loser of every game! Every footballer, every chess player, every marathon runner, every duck-legged Olympic walker smells of fervour which seeps from the pores of their ambition. When years of dedication pass the baton to ambition, there is a sage to be reckoned with. One only wonders why in spite of the eternal paradoxical query what would happen if an irresistible force met with an irresistible force? , someone always has to lose? Ambition makes you healthy, wealthy, and wise! Doesnt it? Observe this immortal quotation of Henry Ford: Whether you think you can or you think you cannot, you are right The truth he successfully conveys is that we are the scribes of our own destiny. It is ambition that makes us think we can be successful, and lack of ambition that makes us think we cannot. Ambition and Luck are both archenemies and best of friends. Ambition is a pain in the neck! It is the finger that sets the alarm for 8am, the fingers that turn the cold key of the cold car on a cold, cold morning. It compels us to do what wed really rather put off until tomorrow, it slaps the wrist of apathy. Ambition is the sole witness at the sepulture of the unsuccessful at everything. You see, ambitious tears only fall from a fountain of youth- so theyll kiss the piled soil, make it wet, and whisper with complacence, i made you successful at being unsuccessful. Because ambition never likes to give in. Ambition is the final book of every author, the final page of every book, the final word of the final page, and the final letter in the final word.